Yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 arenada yo\u011fun incelemelere, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ve diplomatik m\u00fczakerelere maruz kalmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip oldu\u011funa yayg\u0131n olarak inan\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u2013 ki bu iddiay\u0131 ne do\u011fruluyor ne de yalanl\u0131yor \u2013 \u015feffafl\u0131k konusunda neredeyse hi\u00e7 uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Son on ayda, \u0130srail ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 iki sava\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. \u00dclkenin n\u00fckleer silah yapma kapasitesine sahip olmak \u00fczere oldu\u011funu kan\u0131ts\u0131z bir \u015fekilde iddia ettiler. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Haziran ay\u0131ndaki 12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve bu y\u0131lki bir ayl\u0131k sava\u015f, 2.600’den fazla \u0130ranl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir enerji krizine s\u00fcr\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n
Bu dengesizlik, \u0130ran’\u0131n ve d\u00fcnya genelindeki n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme savunucular\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ifte standart \u015fikayetlerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. G\u00f6zlemciler, \u0130ran ve \u0130srail’e uygulanan muameledeki fark\u0131n sadece N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131n Yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6nleme Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (NPT) gibi uluslararas\u0131 hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evelerinde de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda jeopolitik ve k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 dinamiklerinde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
Peki, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer cephaneli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda ne biliyoruz? \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131 etraf\u0131ndaki inceleme ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar nelerdir? Ve ele\u015ftirmenler, bu iki uzun s\u00fcreli d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehdit s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda neden bir \u00e7ifte standart\u0131n i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu savunuyor?<\/p>\n
**\u0130srail’in N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Ne Biliyoruz?**<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zlemciler, \u0130srail’in bu konuda onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren bir belirsizlik politikas\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesine ra\u011fmen, Ortado\u011fu’da n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip tek \u00fclke olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k s\u0131r\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binyamin Netanyahu, 2018’de eski CNN sunucusu Chris Cuomo ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede \u00fclkesinin n\u00fckleer kapasiteye veya n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soruldu\u011funda, \u201cHer zaman ilk biz getirmeyece\u011fimizi s\u00f6yledik ve getirmedik\u2026 Alabilece\u011finiz en iyi cevap bu,\u201d \u015feklinde yan\u0131t verdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer program\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki \u015feffafl\u0131k eksikli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, uzmanlar program\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerinin 1950’lere, kurucu Ba\u015fbakan David Ben-Gurion d\u00f6nemine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130srail’in \u00f6zellikle Fransa’dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131mlarla n\u00fckleer yetenekler geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Necef \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc’ndeki Dimona n\u00fckleer tesisinin uzun s\u00fcredir silahlar i\u00e7in pl\u00fctonyum \u00fcretti\u011finden \u015f\u00fcpheleniliyor. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re, \u0130srail’in tahmini olarak 80 ila 200 n\u00fckleer sava\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor, ancak kesin rakamlar bilinmiyor.<\/p>\n
1986’da, Dimona tesisinde teknisyen olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Mordechai Vanunu’nun reakt\u00f6rden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgi ve foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u0130ngiliz Sunday Times gazetesine s\u0131zd\u0131rmas\u0131yla \u0130srail’in gizlilik politikas\u0131 ciddi bir darbe ald\u0131. Vanunu daha sonra \u0130srail ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, gizli bir \u015fekilde yarg\u0131land\u0131 ve 18 y\u0131l hapis yatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer yetenekleri \u00fczerindeki sis perdesini art\u0131ran bir di\u011fer fakt\u00f6r de, 1970’te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren NPT’yi imzalamay\u0131 reddetmesidir. Bu durum, \u0130srail’in \u00fcye devletler gibi uluslararas\u0131 denetimlere tabi olmamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. NPT, n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi, n\u00fckleer silahs\u0131zlanmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmay\u0131 ve n\u00fckleer enerjinin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeyi ama\u00e7layan k\u00fcresel bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r. \u0130srail’in uzun s\u00fcreli d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u0130ran da dahil olmak \u00fczere 191 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00fcye devleti bu anla\u015fmaya imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Analist Shawn Rostker’a g\u00f6re, \u0130srail’in politikas\u0131 birden fazla amaca hizmet ediyor. Astra Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden Constellation Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Rostker, Al Jazeera’ya verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te, \u201cMant\u0131k olduk\u00e7a basit: Belirsizlik, cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7larken, a\u00e7\u0131k bir beyan\u0131n getirece\u011fi diplomatik, hukuki ve siyasi maliyetlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor, \u00f6zellikle de \u0130srail’in NPT’ye taraf olmamas\u0131 ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaya devam etmesi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u201d dedi. Analist, \u0130srail’in yak\u0131n gelecekte NPT’ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Rostker, \u201c\u0130srail’in konumu onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ve belirsizli\u011fi b\u0131rakmak veya NPT’ye kat\u0131lmak konusunda stratejik bir fayda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair \u00e7ok az i\u015faret var,\u201d diye ekledi. \u201cGer\u00e7ek bir de\u011fi\u015fim muhtemelen \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik d\u00fczenlemesi gerektirecektir, potansiyel olarak Ortado\u011fu’da Kitle \u0130mha Silahlar\u0131ndan Ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeye veya tehdit ortam\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olabilir, sadece d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131 yeterli olmaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
**\u0130ran’\u0131n N\u00fckleer Program\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Ne Biliyoruz?**<\/p>\n
\u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131, 1950’lerde eski lider R\u0131za \u015eah Pehlevi d\u00f6neminde ABD deste\u011fiyle ba\u015flad\u0131, ancak 1979 \u0130slam Devrimi’nden sonra \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fledi. NPT’ye imza atm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclke olan \u0130ran, n\u00fckleer program\u0131n\u0131n sadece enerji \u00fcretimi ve t\u0131bbi kullan\u0131m gibi sivil ama\u00e7l\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00fcrekli olarak savunmu\u015ftur. 1974’te Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Ajans\u0131 (IAEA) ile kapsaml\u0131 bir g\u00fcvence anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131 ve o zamandan beri, hem eski \u015fah d\u00f6neminde hem de \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti d\u00f6neminde, BM ajans\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenli olarak denetlendi.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran ayr\u0131ca 2015’te ABD ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle birlikte Kapsaml\u0131 Ortak Eylem Plan\u0131’na (JCPOA) kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu anla\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda \u0130ran, uranyum zenginle\u015ftirmesini k\u0131s\u0131tlamay\u0131 ve IAEA denetimlerine tabi olmay\u0131 kabul etti. Anla\u015fman\u0131n temel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu:<\/p>\n
* Uranyum zenginle\u015ftirmesini 15 y\u0131l boyunca n\u00fckleer silahlar i\u00e7in uygun olmayan %3,67 seviyesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlamak
\n* Santrif\u00fcj say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak
\n* IAEA gibi uluslararas\u0131 denet\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kapsaml\u0131 izlemeye izin vermek, buna \u0130ran’\u0131n uranyum de\u011firmenleri ve madenlerinin 25 y\u0131l boyunca izlenmesi de dahil.<\/p>\n
JCPOA kapsam\u0131nda, \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131n\u0131 zaten izleyen IAEA denet\u00e7ileri, Tahran’\u0131n taahh\u00fctlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin tesislerinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck denetimlere ba\u015flad\u0131. Ve bulduklar\u0131 da buydu: \u0130ran taahh\u00fctlerine uyuyordu. ABD, Ba\u015fkan Donald Trump d\u00f6neminde, IAEA’n\u0131n \u0130ran’\u0131n o noktaya kadar anla\u015fmaya uydu\u011funu belirtmesine ra\u011fmen 2018’de anla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekildi. IAEA’ya g\u00f6re \u0130ran, ABD’nin anla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekilmesinden sonra bir y\u0131l boyunca JCPOA taahh\u00fctlerine uymaya devam etti, ard\u0131ndan artan seviyelerde zenginle\u015ftirmeye yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Nitekim, ABD’nin \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah tehdidi olu\u015fturdu\u011funa dair arg\u00fcman\u0131 \u2013 yani %60 zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f 400 kg uranyuma sahip olmas\u0131 \u2013 2025 tarihli bir IAEA raporuna dayan\u0131yor. Bu da BM ajans\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131 hakk\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0130srail’inkinden \u00e7ok daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Uranyumun silah derecesine ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in %90’\u0131n \u00fczerinde zenginle\u015ftirilmesi gerekiyor. Bu %60 zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f uranyumun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ABD’nin \u0130ran’la yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerdeki temel taleplerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. ABD ve \u0130srail, 2025’teki 12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck sava\u015fta ve bu y\u0131lki son sald\u0131r\u0131larda \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer tesislerini hedef al\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yok ettiklerini iddia etseler de, bu harita \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer tesislerinin bu y\u0131la kadar bilinen konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
**\u0130ran’\u0131n N\u00fckleer Silah Yapma Kapasitesine Sahip Oldu\u011funa Dair Kan\u0131t Var m\u0131?**<\/p>\n
\u0130srail ve ABD, bir s\u00fcredir \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah yapmaya yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu iddia etseler de, anlaml\u0131 bir kan\u0131t sunmad\u0131lar. Asl\u0131nda, Mart 2025’te ABD Ulusal \u0130stihbarat Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Tulsi Gabbard, Kongre’ye verdi\u011fi ifadede, ABD’nin \u201c\u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah in\u015fa etmedi\u011fini ve Y\u00fcce Lider Hamaney’in 2003’te ask\u0131ya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u00fckleer silah program\u0131n\u0131 yetkilendirmedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmeye devam etti\u011fini\u201d belirtti. \u0130ran, uzun s\u00fcredir n\u00fckleer silah yapma plan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. 2003’te, 28 \u015eubat’ta ABD-\u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda Tahran’da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen d\u00f6nemin Y\u00fcce Lideri Ayetullah Ali Hamaney, b\u00f6yle bir silah\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmenin \u0130slam hukukuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD ve \u0130srail’in 28 \u015eubat’ta \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 son sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Gabbard, Kongre’ye verdi\u011fi yeni ifadede, ABD istihbarat toplulu\u011funun \u0130ran’\u0131n Haziran 2025’teki bombalamalardan sonra n\u00fckleer program\u0131na yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
**\u0130srail ve \u0130ran’a N\u00fckleer Silahlar Konusunda Farkl\u0131 Standartlar m\u0131 Uygulan\u0131yor?**<\/p>\n
Filistinli analist Ahmed Najar, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer program\u0131na \u0130ran’\u0131nkine k\u0131yasla nas\u0131l muamele edildi\u011fi konusunda \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir \u00e7ifte standart\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen bir\u00e7ok uzmandan biri. Najar, bunun uluslararas\u0131 normlardan ziyade siyaset taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fini savunuyor. Ona g\u00f6re \u0130srail, Ortado\u011fu’da Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak rol\u00fc nedeniyle k\u00fcresel n\u00fckleer yay\u0131lmama rejiminden muafiyet tan\u0131n\u0131rken, \u0130ran’\u0131n alg\u0131lanan bir \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fc maksimum bask\u0131y\u0131 davet ediyor. \u201cBu anlamda, uluslararas\u0131 normlar se\u00e7ici olarak uygulan\u0131yor \u2013 baz\u0131 durumlarda titizlikle uygulan\u0131rken, di\u011ferlerinde sessizce bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n
Siyasi \u00e7ifte standard\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, Najar, \u0130srail’in uzun s\u00fcreli \u201cn\u00fckleer belirsizlik\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131n, \u201c\u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer doktrininin kendisinin belirsizli\u011fi\u201d ortas\u0131nda \u015feffafl\u0131k konusunda daha derin endi\u015feler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. \u201cSadece kapasite de\u011fil, kullan\u0131m e\u015fikleri konusunda da belirsizlik var \u2013 ve bu, ba\u015fka yerlerde uygulanan hesap verebilirlik mekanizmalar\u0131 olmadan mevcut,\u201d diye ekledi. Najar, uluslararas\u0131 siyaset ve g\u00fc\u00e7 dinamiklerinde \u201cdaha geni\u015f bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d olmadan bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik beklentisi konusunda karamsar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u201cStratejik \u00e7\u0131karlar, uluslararas\u0131 hukukun tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer duru\u015fu b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla incelemeden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde korunmaya devam edecektir,\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
#N\u00fckleerSilahlar #\u0130ranN\u00fckleerProgram\u0131 #\u0130srailN\u00fckleerSilahlar\u0131 #\u00c7ifteStandart #NPT #Uluslararas\u0131Hukuk #Ortado\u011fu #N\u00fckleerYay\u0131lmama #Jeopolitik #IAEA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 arenada yo\u011fun incelemelere, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ve diplomatik m\u00fczakerelere maruz kalmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip oldu\u011funa yayg\u0131n olarak inan\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u2013 ki bu iddiay\u0131 ne do\u011fruluyor ne de yalanl\u0131yor \u2013 \u015feffafl\u0131k konusunda neredeyse hi\u00e7 uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131yor. Son on ayda, \u0130srail ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-orta-dogu-haberleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1464"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1464\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}