Basra K\u00f6rfezi’ni Umman K\u00f6rfezi’ne ba\u011flayan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131, \u0130srail ve ABD’nin \u015eubat ay\u0131nda \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ba\u015flatmas\u0131ndan bu yana k\u00fcresel dikkatleri \u00fczerine \u00e7ekiyor.
\n\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flayana kadar, d\u00fcnya petrol ve s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz (LNG) arz\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 20’sinin K\u00f6rfez \u00fcreticilerinden bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda sevk edildi\u011fi bu dar kanal, gemiler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccreti al\u0131nmayan ve g\u00fcvenli bir rota olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bo\u011faz, \u0130ran ve Umman taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ve uluslararas\u0131 sular kategorisine girmiyor.
\nABD ve \u0130srail’in sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130ran, bo\u011fazdaki \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u201d ticaret gemilerine sald\u0131rarak misilleme yapt\u0131. Bu durum, t\u00fcm gemi ge\u00e7i\u015flerini fiilen durdurdu, deniz trafi\u011fini fel\u00e7 etti ve \u015fimdiye kadarki en k\u00f6t\u00fc k\u00fcresel enerji da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m krizlerinden birine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.
\nTahran, ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n \u0130ran’\u0131n elektrik santrallerini ve k\u00f6pr\u00fclerini bombalama tehditlerine ra\u011fmen, bu haftan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bo\u011faz\u0131 t\u00fcm trafi\u011fe a\u00e7may\u0131 reddetmeye devam etti. Pakistan’\u0131n arabuluculu\u011funda iki haftal\u0131k bir ate\u015fkes ilan edilmesi \u00fczerine Trump, Sal\u0131 gecesi tehdidinden geri ad\u0131m att\u0131.
\nBu geli\u015fme, \u0130ran’dan gelen ve Trump’\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klara kal\u0131c\u0131 bir son vermek i\u00e7in m\u00fczakere edilebilir \u201ci\u015fleyen bir temel\u201d olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi 10 maddelik bir bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6nerisinin ard\u0131ndan geldi.
\nAte\u015fkesin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak Tahran, bundan sonra Bo\u011faz \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6nlendirece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi resmi \u015fartlar\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. ABD, Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130slamabad’da ba\u015flayacak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler \u00f6ncesinde bu \u015fartlar\u0131 do\u011frudan kabul etmedi. Ancak analistler, Tahran’\u0131n devam eden kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn Washington ve di\u011fer \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.
\nKriz s\u0131ras\u0131nda, sadece \u0130ran’a dost kabul edilen belirli \u00fclkelerin gemilerine ve ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccreti \u00f6deyenlere g\u00fcvenli ge\u00e7i\u015f izni verildi. En az iki gemi ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccretinin \u00c7in yuan\u0131 ile \u00f6dendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor; bu durum, ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatma ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ABD yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nma stratejisi olarak yorumlan\u0131yor. \u0130ran petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 80’ini sat\u0131n alan \u00c7in, Tahran’a zaten yuan ile \u00f6deme yap\u0131yor.
\nSevkiyatlar\u0131n bundan sonra nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bildiklerimiz \u015funlar:
\nBo\u011faz\u0131 \u015fimdi kim kontrol ediyor?
\nSal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130ran D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Abbas Arag\u00e7i, ate\u015fkes s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ran’\u0131n \u201c\u0130ran Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ile koordinasyon i\u00e7inde ve teknik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar dikkate al\u0131narak\u201d bo\u011fazdan g\u00fcvenli ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.
\n\u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130slam Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 Ordusu (IRGC), gemilerin izlemesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir rota g\u00f6steren bir bo\u011faz haritas\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Harita, gemileri geleneksel Umman k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n rotadan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak \u0130ran k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru daha kuzeye y\u00f6nlendiriyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.
\n\u0130lgi alanlar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re an\u0131nda uyar\u0131lar ve g\u00fcncellemeler al\u0131n. B\u00fcy\u00fck haberler oldu\u011funda ilk siz haberdar olun.
\nIRGC yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cana trafik b\u00f6lgesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli tipte gemisavar may\u0131nlar\u0131n bulunma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d nedeniyle t\u00fcm gemilerin navigasyon i\u00e7in yeni haritay\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti.
\n\u0130ran’\u0131n ate\u015fkes d\u00f6neminde ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccreti al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirsizli\u011fini koruyor.
\nAncak Trump Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, ABD’nin bo\u011fazdaki \u201ctrafik yo\u011funlu\u011funa yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d ve m\u00fczakereler devam ederken ABD ordusunun \u201cetraflarda olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d s\u00f6yledi.
\nPer\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc Truth Social medya sitesinde \u201cBo\u011faz A\u00c7IK & G\u00dcVENL\u0130 olacak\u201d diye payla\u015f\u0131m yapan Trump, ABD birliklerinin b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekledi ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin iyi gitmemesi halinde sald\u0131r\u0131lara devam etme tehdidinde bulundu.
\nABD birliklerinin bo\u011fazda \u015fu anda olanlar\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi bilinmiyor.
\nDelhi merkezli denizcilik analisti C Uday Bhaskar, Al Jazeera’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, bo\u011fazdan kimlerin ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u201cbelirsizlik\u201d oldu\u011funu ve sava\u015f durduruldu\u011fundan bu yana sadece \u00fc\u00e7 ila be\u015f geminin ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.
\n\u0130ran’\u0131n 10 maddelik plan\u0131 Bo\u011faz\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiliyor?
\nTahran’\u0131n 10 maddelik plan\u0131nda yer alan ba\u015fl\u0131ca talepler aras\u0131nda, ABD ve \u0130srail’in \u0130ran ve m\u00fcttefiklerine \u2013\u00f6zellikle L\u00fcbnan’a\u2013 y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak durdurmas\u0131, t\u00fcm yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kald\u0131rmas\u0131 ve \u0130ran’\u0131n H\u00fcrm\u00fcz \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesine izin verilmesi bulunuyor. Plan hen\u00fcz tam olarak yay\u0131nlanmad\u0131 ancak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler i\u00e7in bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.
\n\u0130ran medyas\u0131, \u0130ran’\u0131n bo\u011faz\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndaki Umman ile payla\u015f\u0131lmak \u00fczere gemi ba\u015f\u0131na 2 milyon dolara kadar \u00fccret alma plan\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fini belirtiyor. Di\u011fer raporlar ise \u0130ran’\u0131n sevk edilen her varil petrol i\u00e7in 1 dolar \u00fccret alabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.
\nTahran, toplanan gelirlerin ABD-\u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla hasar g\u00f6ren askeri ve sivil altyap\u0131y\u0131 yeniden in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.
\nUmman bu fikri reddetti. Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakan\u0131 Said Al-Maawali \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Ummanl\u0131lar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce \u00fccret almay\u0131 yasaklayan \u201ct\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtti.
\nUluslararas\u0131 hukuk deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccretleri hakk\u0131nda ne diyor?
\n\u0130ran’\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccreti alma plan\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirenler, bunun g\u00fcvenli deniz ge\u00e7i\u015fini d\u00fczenleyen uluslararas\u0131 hukuku ihlal etti\u011fini ve nihai bir ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyor.
\nBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNCLOS), uluslararas\u0131 bo\u011fazlar veya karasular\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en gemilerden har\u00e7 al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.
\nYasa, k\u0131y\u0131 devletlerinin seyir yard\u0131m\u0131 veya liman kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi sunulan hizmetler i\u00e7in \u00fccret almas\u0131na izin verirken, ge\u00e7i\u015fin kendisi i\u00e7in \u00fccret al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 yasakl\u0131yor.
\nAncak ne ABD ne de \u0130ran bu \u00f6zel s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi onaylam\u0131\u015f durumda.
\nOnaylam\u0131\u015f olsalar bile, bu yasan\u0131n etraf\u0131ndan dola\u015fman\u0131n yollar\u0131 olabilir. Analist Bhaskar, Al Jazeera’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u0130ran’\u0131n bunun yerine bo\u011faz\u0131 may\u0131nlardan temizlemek ve ge\u00e7i\u015fi tekrar g\u00fcvenli hale getirmek i\u00e7in \u00fccret almas\u0131 durumunda, bunun denizcilik yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re izin verilebilir olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.
\nYak\u0131n tarihte, \u00fclkelerin uluslararas\u0131 bo\u011fazlar veya su yollar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7i\u015fi resmi olarak vergilendirdi\u011fine dair bir emsal bulunmuyor.
\nEkim 2024’te, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi raporunda, Yemen’deki \u0130ran destekli Husilerin, Gazze sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130srail ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 gemileri hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz ve Bab-el-Mandeb Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan gemilerin ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin vermek i\u00e7in nakliye \u015firketlerinden \u201cyasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fccretler\u201d toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edildi.
\nGe\u00e7en hafta, Y\u00fcce Lider Mojtaba Hamenei’nin \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131, \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Husilerin Bab el-Mandeb nakliye rotas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kapatabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\n\u00dclkeler H\u00fcrm\u00fcz ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccretine nas\u0131l tepki verebilir?
\nH\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccretleri muhtemelen en \u00e7ok K\u00f6rfez’deki petrol ve gaz \u00fcreten \u00fclkeleri etkileyecek, ancak mevcut tedarik \u015foklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi dalgalanma etkileri di\u011ferlerine de yay\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
\n\u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7i\u015fin yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan ve ate\u015fkese \u00f6vg\u00fcde bulunan K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri, analistlere g\u00f6re, \u0130ran’\u0131n gelecekte ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tekrar kesintiye u\u011fratabilece\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli bir belirsizlikle de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalacaklar.
\nAte\u015fkes ilan edilmeden \u00f6nce Bahreyn, BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi’ne \u00fcye devletleri \u201ct\u00fcm gerekli yollarla\u201d ge\u00e7i\u015fi koordine etmeye ve ortakla\u015fa yeniden a\u00e7maya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran bir karar tasar\u0131s\u0131 sunmu\u015ftu. Katar, BAE, Suudi Arabistan, Kuveyt ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi. 7 Nisan’da, 15 BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi \u00fcyesinden 11’i bu karara lehte oy verdi.
\nAncak Rusya ve \u00c7in, karar\u0131n \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve ABD ile \u0130srail’in \u0130ran’a y\u00f6nelik ilk sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ele almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek veto etti.
\nB\u00f6lgenin \u00f6tesinde, g\u00f6zlemciler ABD’nin Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flamas\u0131 beklenen m\u00fczakerelerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak \u0130ran’\u0131n s\u00fcresiz ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccreti taleplerini kabul etmesinin olas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.
\nAvustralya Ulusal \u00dcniversitesi’nden Profes\u00f6r Amin Saikal, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in al\u0131nacak bir \u00fccretin \u201cBa\u015fkan Trump ve bo\u011faz\u0131n herkes i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi beklentisiyle iyi kar\u015f\u0131lanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d s\u00f6yledi.
\nDi\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler de muhalefetlerini dile getirdi. Ate\u015fkes \u00f6ncesinde \u0130ngiltere, bo\u011faz\u0131 yeniden a\u00e7man\u0131n bir yolunu bulmak i\u00e7in 40 ba\u015fka \u00fclkeyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nUzmanlar, bo\u011fazdaki pratik ger\u00e7eklerin farkl\u0131 bir senaryo ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fini, gemi sahiplerinin gemileri mahsur kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 her g\u00fcn milyonlarca dolar kaybetti\u011fini ve onlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 ve hasars\u0131z bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. En az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik \u0130ran’a uymalar\u0131 daha olas\u0131.
\nBhaskar, \u201cE\u011fer 300.000 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, de\u011feri \u00e7eyrek milyar dolar olabilecek bir VLCC [\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ham petrol tankeri] sahibi olsayd\u0131m\u2026 \u0130ranl\u0131lar may\u0131n d\u00f6\u015fedi\u011fimizi s\u00f6yleselerdi onlara inan\u0131rd\u0131m\u201d dedi.
\n#H\u00fcrm\u00fczBo\u011faz\u0131 #\u0130ran #Petrol #DenizTicaretYolu #Uluslararas\u0131Hukuk #ABD\u0130ranGerilimi #K\u00fcreselEnerji #Ate\u015fkes #Ortado\u011fu #DenizG\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Basra K\u00f6rfezi’ni Umman K\u00f6rfezi’ne ba\u011flayan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131, \u0130srail ve ABD’nin \u015eubat ay\u0131nda \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ba\u015flatmas\u0131ndan bu yana k\u00fcresel dikkatleri \u00fczerine \u00e7ekiyor. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flayana kadar, d\u00fcnya petrol ve s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz (LNG) arz\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 20’sinin K\u00f6rfez \u00fcreticilerinden bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda sevk edildi\u011fi bu dar kanal, gemiler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccreti al\u0131nmayan ve g\u00fcvenli bir rota olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1523,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iran_haberler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1522"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1522\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}