{"id":1913,"date":"2026-04-16T02:46:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T23:16:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/bir-ulkenin-geleceginin-erozyonu-sudan-savasinin-maliyeti-ne-oldu\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T02:46:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T23:16:21","slug":"bir-ulkenin-geleceginin-erozyonu-sudan-savasinin-maliyeti-ne-oldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/?p=1913&lang=tr","title":{"rendered":"“Bir \u00fclkenin gelece\u011finin erozyonu”: Sudan Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n Maliyeti Ne Oldu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sudan, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n pen\u00e7esinde tan\u0131nmaz hale geldi. \u00dclke genelinde 40.000’den fazla insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybederken<\/strong>, n\u00fcfusun d\u00f6rtte birine denk gelen yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 milyon ki\u015fi evlerinden ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131<\/strong>. Sivil altyap\u0131 ise b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip oldu.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kalk\u0131nma Program\u0131 (UNDP) Sudan Temsilcisi Luca Renda, Al Jazeera’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “Sadece bir krizle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya de\u011filiz; bir \u00fclkenin gelece\u011finin sistematik erozyonuna tan\u0131k oluyoruz,” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sudan’\u0131n Ekonomik \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Derinle\u015fiyor<\/h3>\n

UNDP ve G\u00fcvenlik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan bir rapor, ordunun ve paramiliter H\u0131zl\u0131 Destek Kuvvetleri (HDK) aras\u0131ndaki iktidar m\u00fccadelesi nedeniyle 2023’te ba\u015flayan sava\u015ftan bu yana Sudan’\u0131n ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Rapora g\u00f6re, en iyimser senaryoda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n 2026’da sa\u011flanmas\u0131 halinde bile, Sudan’\u0131n gayri safi yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131las\u0131nda (GSY\u0130H) 2043 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar tahmini 18,8 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir kay\u0131p<\/strong> ya\u015fanacak. Bu durum, sava\u015f\u0131n \u00fclkenin ekonomik gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 ne denli derinden de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Rapor, hasar\u0131n sadece ekonomik faaliyet kayb\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmay\u0131p tar\u0131m, sanayi, hizmetler ve devlet kurumlar\u0131 dahil ekonominin temelini etkiledi\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Altyap\u0131 ve Temel Hizmetler \u00c7\u00f6kt\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Sava\u015f, Sudan’\u0131n altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131 ile ekonomik faaliyetleri destekleyen sistemleri yok ederek \u00fclkeye b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik maliyet y\u00fckledi. UNDP tahminlerine g\u00f6re, Sudan sadece 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda GSY\u0130H’sinde 6,4 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir kay\u0131p<\/strong> ya\u015fad\u0131. Renda, bu kayb\u0131n “Sudan ekonomisinin t\u00fcm ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde e\u015f zamanl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc” yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde altyap\u0131n\u0131n tahribat\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar tar\u0131m arazilerine, sulama sistemlerine ve ula\u015f\u0131m a\u011flar\u0131na zarar vererek ekili arazilerde y\u00fczde 15’lik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe<\/strong> yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Kentsel merkezlerde ise fabrika ve elektrik tedarikinin tahrip olmas\u0131, sanayi faaliyetlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90 oran\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kmesine<\/strong>, i\u015fletmelerin kapanmas\u0131na ve i\u015f kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden oldu. \u00dclkenin elektrik \u00fcretim kapasitesinin y\u00fczde 40’\u0131na kadar\u0131 kaybedildi<\/strong> ve \u00f6nemli su altyap\u0131s\u0131 yok edildi veya ele ge\u00e7irildi, bu da topluluklar\u0131 temiz su ve sanitasyondan mahrum b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve E\u011fitim Hizmetleri Fel\u00e7 Oldu<\/h3>\n

Su sistemlerinin \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle kolera gibi hastal\u0131k salg\u0131nlar\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131, bu da zaten zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f olan sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ek y\u00fck bindirerek uzun vadeli iyile\u015fme maliyetlerini art\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, sa\u011fl\u0131k tesislerine y\u00f6nelik 200’den fazla sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131<\/strong> do\u011frulad\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerinde bu tesislerin y\u00fczde 14’\u00fcnden az\u0131 tam kapasiteyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor<\/strong>. Binlerce okul kapand\u0131 veya hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc, milyonlarca \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitimi kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasas\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6kt\u00fc, Gelirler Geriledi<\/h3>\n

Bir zamanlar Sudan ekonomisinin bel kemi\u011fi olan ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 65’ini istihdam eden tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong>, sava\u015ftan a\u011f\u0131r darbe ald\u0131. Ekili arazilerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi, k\u0131rsal ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi. UNDP’ye g\u00f6re, ortalama gelirler 1992 seviyelerine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc<\/strong>, bu da ekonomik \u015fokun derinli\u011fini ve \u00fclke genelindeki haneler \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli ekonomik merkezlerde imalat faaliyetlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90’\u0131 yok oldu<\/strong> ve binlerce i\u015f ortadan kalkt\u0131. Kaynak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ve yerinden edilmeler nedeniyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler ve pazarlar kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Sudan’da bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olan kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi de darald\u0131. 14 milyondan fazla insan\u0131n<\/strong> evlerinden zorla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hem resmi hem de gayri resmi i\u015flerden mahrum kalmas\u0131yla yerinden edilme, krizi daha da derinle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Petrol End\u00fcstrisi Durma Noktas\u0131nda<\/h3>\n

Yayg\u0131n istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve altyap\u0131 hasar\u0131 nedeniyle petrol \u00fcretimi d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Daha \u00f6nce g\u00fcnde 100.000 varile kadar petrol i\u015fleyen<\/strong> ve Sudan’\u0131n yak\u0131t ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan Hartum rafinerisi (Al-Jaili), Temmuz 2023’ten bu yana faaliyette de\u011fil. Rafineri yetkilileri, tesisin baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tahrip oldu\u011funu ve 2024 ile 2025’teki tekrarlanan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtti. Ordu taraf\u0131ndan 2025’te geri al\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen tesis \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda de\u011fil. Ba\u015fka yerlerde de \u00f6nemli altyap\u0131 vuruldu; Port Sudan’a ham petrol ta\u015f\u0131yan boru hatlar\u0131 sava\u015fla ilgili hasarlar nedeniyle kapand\u0131 ve Heglig’deki tesisler HDK’n\u0131n insans\u0131z hava arac\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fiyatlar F\u0131rlad\u0131, Ya\u015fam Maliyeti Y\u00fckseldi<\/h3>\n

Sudan poundunun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve tedarik zincirlerindeki aksakl\u0131klar, Sudan genelinde ya\u015fam maliyetlerinde keskin bir art\u0131\u015fa neden oldu. Sudan Merkez \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu’na g\u00f6re, pound sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi dolar ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 570’ten bug\u00fcn 3.500 ila 3.600 aras\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc<\/strong>. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, ithalat\u0131 pahal\u0131 hale getirdi.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 f\u0131rlad\u0131. Ba\u015fkent Hartum’da d\u00f6rt dilim ekmek \u015fimdi yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.000 pounda mal oluyor<\/strong>; bu miktar daha \u00f6nce alt\u0131 dilim ekmek al\u0131yordu. Gezira Eyaleti’nde 50 kg’l\u0131k bir \u00e7uval \u015feker 155.000’den 175.000 pounda y\u00fckselirken<\/strong>, bir torba \u00e7imento 35.000’den 55.000 pounda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/strong>. Ev e\u015fyalar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 trendi izledi. Port Sudan’da 7 litrelik bir yemeklik ya\u011f kab\u0131 30.000’den 35.000 pounda y\u00fckseldi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ula\u015f\u0131m ve yak\u0131t maliyetleri de keskin bir \u015fekilde artt\u0131. Wad Medani’de otob\u00fcs \u00fccretleri yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 50 artt\u0131<\/strong>. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7ek\u00e7ek \u00fccretleri neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve yak\u0131t fiyatlar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede litre ba\u015f\u0131na 7.000 poundu a\u015ft\u0131<\/strong>. Ancak \u00fccretler enflasyona yeti\u015femedi, bu da bir\u00e7ok haneyi temel ihtiya\u00e7lara eri\u015fimden mahrum b\u0131rakt\u0131. UNDP’ye g\u00f6re, n\u00fcfusun neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 \u015fu anda ciddi g\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor ve yerinden edilmi\u015f hanelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90’\u0131 yeterli g\u0131day\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiriyor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sudan Halk\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Ekonomik \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn Anlam\u0131<\/h3>\n

Sudan ekonomisinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sadece say\u0131larla anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Renda, “Nisan 2023’ten sonra Sudan’da do\u011fan bir \u00e7ocuk, onlara bakmas\u0131 gereken hastanenin muhtemelen kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu, onlar\u0131 e\u011fitmesi gereken okulun muhtemelen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 desteklemesi gereken ailenin muhtemelen yerinden edildi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnyaya giriyor,” diyerek bunun “kay\u0131p \u00e7ocukluklara, kay\u0131p e\u011fitime, kay\u0131p sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa” yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekledi.<\/p>\n

\u015eu anda yakla\u015f\u0131k 34 milyon insan yard\u0131ma muhta\u00e7<\/strong> ve 19 milyon insan ciddi g\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya<\/strong>. \u0130nsani maliyet \u015fimdiden g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr durumda. Sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu yana yakla\u015f\u0131k 5,6 milyon \u00e7ocuk do\u011fdu<\/strong> ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131k tesislerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. UNDP’ye g\u00f6re, yakla\u015f\u0131k 19 milyon \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitimi ciddi \u015fekilde kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131<\/strong>, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde okullar\u0131n sadece yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20’si \u015fu anda faaliyette<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n Devam\u0131 Sudan’\u0131n Gelece\u011fi \u0130\u00e7in Ne Anlama Geliyor?<\/h3>\n

Sava\u015f \u015fimdiden \u00f6l\u00fcmlere, travmalara ve derin kay\u0131plara neden oldu, Sudan’\u0131n gelece\u011fi \u00fczerinde uzun bir g\u00f6lge b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve hayatlar\u0131 \u015fiddetle \u015fekillenen bir neslin umutlar\u0131n\u0131 karartt\u0131. UNDP tahminlerine g\u00f6re, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma 2030’a kadar devam ederse, Sudan ekonomisi 2043’te sava\u015f olmasayd\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 34,5 milyar dolar daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olacak<\/strong> ve ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen GSY\u0130H yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.700 dolar d\u00fc\u015fecek<\/strong>. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yoksulluk n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 60’\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karak<\/strong> ek 34 milyon insan\u0131 yoksullu\u011fa itecek<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Renda, sava\u015f\u0131 “iyile\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131” olarak tan\u0131mlayarak, devam eden her ay\u0131n daha derin ve geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez hasarlar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi\u011fini belirtti. “Her ek ay canlara mal oluyor ve yap\u0131sal hasar\u0131 derinle\u015ftiriyor,” diyen Renda, “En acil \u00f6ncelik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 durdurmakt\u0131r,” diye ekledi. “\u015eimdi al\u0131nan kararlar, Sudan’\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131n hala tersine \u00e7evrilip \u00e7evrilemeyece\u011fini belirleyecek.”<\/p>\n

#SudanSava\u015f\u0131 #SudanKrizi #Ekonomik\u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f #\u0130nsaniKriz #Altyap\u0131Hasar\u0131 #YerindenEdilme #G\u0131daK\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 #PetrolEnd\u00fcstrisi #E\u011fitimKrizi #Afrika<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sudan, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n pen\u00e7esinde tan\u0131nmaz hale geldi. \u00dclke genelinde 40.000’den fazla insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybederken, n\u00fcfusun d\u00f6rtte birine denk gelen yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 milyon ki\u015fi evlerinden ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131. Sivil altyap\u0131 ise b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip oldu. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kalk\u0131nma Program\u0131 (UNDP) Sudan Temsilcisi Luca Renda, Al Jazeera’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “Sadece bir krizle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iran_haberler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1913"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1913\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}