\u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131, yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir yo\u011fun uluslararas\u0131 incelemeye, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ve diplomatik m\u00fczakerelere tabi tutuluyor.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip oldu\u011funa yayg\u0131n olarak inan\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u2013 ki bu iddiay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak ne yalanl\u0131yor ne de do\u011fruluyor \u2013 \u015feffafl\u0131k konusunda neredeyse hi\u00e7 uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda, \u0130srail ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah yapma kapasitesine sahip olman\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finde oldu\u011funu kan\u0131ts\u0131z bir \u015fekilde iddia ederek gerilimler ya\u015fad\u0131. Bu gerilimler \u2013 ge\u00e7en y\u0131lki 12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve bu y\u0131lki son bir ayl\u0131k m\u00fccadele \u2013 2.600’den fazla \u0130ranl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir enerji krizine s\u00fcr\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n
Bu dengesizlik, \u0130ran’\u0131n \u00e7ifte standart \u015fikayetlerine yol a\u00e7arken, d\u00fcnya genelindeki n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme savunucular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da dile getirildi. G\u00f6zlemciler, \u0130ran ve \u0130srail’e uygulanan muameledeki fark\u0131n sadece N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131n Yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6nleme Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (NPT) gibi uluslararas\u0131 hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evelerinde de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda jeopolitik ve k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 dinamiklerinde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
Peki, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer cephaneli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda ne biliyoruz, \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131 etraf\u0131ndaki inceleme ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar nelerdir ve ele\u015ftirmenler, bu iki uzun s\u00fcreli d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehdit s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda neden \u00e7ifte standart uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor?<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zlemciler, \u0130srail’in Ortado\u011fu’da n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip tek \u00fclke olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k s\u0131r\u201d oldu\u011funu, ancak bu konuda onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcregelen bir kapal\u0131l\u0131k politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
2018’de eski CNN sunucusu Chris Cuomo ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, \u00fclkesinin n\u00fckleer kapasiteye veya n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soruldu\u011funda, \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binyamin Netanyahu, \u201cBiz her zaman ilk ba\u015flatan olmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6yledik ve ba\u015flatmad\u0131k\u2026 Alabilece\u011finiz en iyi cevap budur\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer program\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki \u015feffafl\u0131k eksikli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, uzmanlar program\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerinin 1950’lere, kurucu Ba\u015fbakan David Ben-Gurion d\u00f6nemine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130srail’in ba\u015fta Fransa olmak \u00fczere d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131mlarla n\u00fckleer yetenekler geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Negev \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcndeki Dimona n\u00fckleer tesisinin uzun s\u00fcredir silahlar i\u00e7in pl\u00fctonyum \u00fcretti\u011finden \u015f\u00fcpheleniliyor. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re, \u0130srail’in tahmini olarak 80 ila 200 n\u00fckleer sava\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor, ancak kesin rakamlar bilinmiyor.<\/p>\n
1986’da, \u0130srail’in gizlilik politikas\u0131, Dimona tesisinde teknisyen olan Mordechai Vanunu’nun reakt\u00f6rden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgi ve foto\u011fraflar\u0131 Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’\u0131n Sunday Times gazetesine s\u0131zd\u0131rmas\u0131yla ciddi bir darbe ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Vanunu daha sonra \u0130srail ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, gizli bir \u015fekilde yarg\u0131land\u0131 ve 18 y\u0131l hapis yatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer yetenekleri \u00fczerindeki belirsizli\u011fi art\u0131ran bir di\u011fer fakt\u00f6r ise, \u0130srail’in 1970’te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren NPT’yi imzalamay\u0131 reddetmesidir; bu da onun \u00fcye devletlerle ayn\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 denetimlere tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n
NPT, n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi, n\u00fckleer silahs\u0131zlanmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmay\u0131 ve n\u00fckleer enerjinin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeyi ama\u00e7layan k\u00fcresel bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r. \u0130srail’in uzun s\u00fcreli d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u0130ran da dahil olmak \u00fczere toplam 191 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00fcye devleti antla\u015fmaya taraft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Analist Shawn Rostker’a g\u00f6re, \u0130srail’in politikas\u0131 birden fazla amaca hizmet ediyor.<\/p>\n
Astra Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden Constellation Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan Rostker, Al Jazeera’ya verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te, \u201cMant\u0131k olduk\u00e7a basittir: Belirsizlik, cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7larken, a\u00e7\u0131k bir beyan\u0131n getirece\u011fi diplomatik, hukuki ve siyasi maliyetlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 hedefler, \u00f6zellikle de \u0130srail’in NPT’ye taraf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Analist, \u0130srail’in yak\u0131n gelecekte NPT’ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n pek olas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
Rostker, \u201c\u0130srail’in konumu onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur ve belirsizli\u011fi b\u0131rakmak veya NPT’ye kat\u0131lmak konusunda stratejik bir fayda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair \u00e7ok az i\u015faret var\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
\u201cGer\u00e7ek bir de\u011fi\u015fim muhtemelen \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik d\u00fczenlemesi gerektirecektir, potansiyel olarak bir Orta Do\u011fu K\u0130S’siz b\u00f6lge veya tehdit ortam\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklikle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilir, sadece d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131yla de\u011fil\u201d diye ekledi.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131, 1950’lerde eski lider R\u0131za \u015eah Pehlevi d\u00f6neminde ABD deste\u011fiyle ba\u015flad\u0131, ancak 1979 \u0130slam devriminden sonra \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fledi.<\/p>\n
NPT’ye taraf olmaya devam eden \u0130ran, n\u00fckleer program\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca enerji \u00fcretimi ve t\u0131bbi kullan\u0131m gibi sivil ama\u00e7l\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00fcrekli olarak savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
1974’te Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Ajans\u0131 (IAEA) ile kapsaml\u0131 bir g\u00fcvence anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131 ve o zamandan beri, hem eski \u015fah d\u00f6neminde hem de \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti d\u00f6neminde, BM ajans\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenli olarak izlenmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle birlikte Kapsaml\u0131 Ortak Eylem Plan\u0131’na (JCPOA) kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu anla\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda \u0130ran, uranyum zenginle\u015ftirmesini k\u0131s\u0131tlamay\u0131 ve IAEA denetimlerine tabi olmay\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n
Bu anla\u015fman\u0131n temel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu:<\/p>\n
JCPOA kapsam\u0131nda, \u0130ran’da n\u00fckleer program\u0131n\u0131 zaten izleyen IAEA denet\u00e7ileri, Tahran’\u0131n taahh\u00fctlerine sad\u0131k kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin tesislerinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck denetimlere ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ve sad\u0131k kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ettiler.<\/p>\n
ABD, Ba\u015fkan Donald Trump d\u00f6neminde, IAEA’n\u0131n \u0130ran’\u0131n o zamana kadar anla\u015fmaya uydu\u011funu belirtmesine ra\u011fmen 2018’de anla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n
IAEA’ya g\u00f6re, \u0130ran, ABD’nin anla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekilmesinden sonra bir y\u0131l boyunca JCPOA taahh\u00fctlerine uymaya devam etti, ard\u0131ndan zenginle\u015ftirme seviyelerini art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ekten de, ABD’nin \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah tehdidi olu\u015fturdu\u011funa dair arg\u00fcman\u0131 \u2013 yani %60 zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f 400 kg uranyuma sahip oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 \u2013 IAEA raporlar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu da BM ajans\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131 hakk\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0130srail’inkinden \u00e7ok daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Uranyumun silah s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in %90’\u0131n \u00fczerinde zenginle\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu %60 zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f uranyumun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ABD’nin \u0130ran ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerdeki temel taleplerinden biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
ABD ve \u0130srail’in ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki gerilimlerde \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer tesislerini hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yok etti\u011fini iddia etti\u011fi belirtilirken, bu harita \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer tesislerinin bilinen konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>\n
\u0130srail ve ABD bir s\u00fcredir \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah yapmaya yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu iddia etse de, anlaml\u0131 bir kan\u0131t sunmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda, ABD istihbarat direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Tulsi Gabbard, Kongre’ye verdi\u011fi ifadede, ABD’nin \u201c\u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Y\u00fcce Lider Hamaney’in 2003’te ask\u0131ya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u00fckleer silah program\u0131n\u0131 onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye devam etti\u011fini\u201d belirtti.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran, n\u00fckleer silah yapma planlar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uzun s\u00fcredir savunmaktad\u0131r. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin Y\u00fcce Lideri Ayetullah Ali Hamaney, b\u00f6yle bir silah aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slami hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirterek bunu kamuoyuna yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n
Son gerilimlerin ard\u0131ndan, Gabbard, Kongre’ye verdi\u011fi yeni bir ifadede, ABD istihbarat camias\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran’\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki sald\u0131r\u0131lardan sonra n\u00fckleer program\u0131na yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Filistinli analist Ahmed Najar, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer program\u0131na \u0130ran’\u0131nkine k\u0131yasla uygulanan muamelede \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir \u00e7ifte standart\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen bir\u00e7ok uzmandan biri. Najar, bunun uluslararas\u0131 normlardan ziyade siyaset taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fini savunuyor.<\/p>\n
Ona g\u00f6re, \u0130srail, Ortado\u011fu’da Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak rol\u00fc nedeniyle k\u00fcresel n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme rejiminden muaf tutulurken, \u0130ran’\u0131n alg\u0131lanan bir \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fc maksimum bask\u0131y\u0131 beraberinde getiriyor.<\/p>\n
\u201cBu anlamda, uluslararas\u0131 normlar se\u00e7ici olarak uygulan\u0131yor \u2013 baz\u0131 durumlarda titizlikle uygulan\u0131rken, di\u011ferlerinde sessizce bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n
Siyasi \u00e7ifte standard\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, Najar, \u0130srail’in uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden \u201cn\u00fckleer belirsizlik\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131n, \u201c\u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer doktrininin kendi kapal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ortas\u0131nda \u015feffafl\u0131k konusunda daha derin endi\u015feler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n
\u201cSadece kapasite de\u011fil, kullan\u0131m e\u015fikleri konusunda da belirsizlik var \u2013 ve bu, ba\u015fka yerlerde uygulanan hesap verebilirlik mekanizmalar\u0131 olmadan mevcut\u201d diye ekledi.<\/p>\n
Najar, uluslararas\u0131 siyaset ve g\u00fc\u00e7 dinamiklerinde \u201cdaha geni\u015f bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d olmadan bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda karamsar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\u201cStratejik \u00e7\u0131karlar, uluslararas\u0131 hukukun tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer duru\u015fu b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla incelemeden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde korunmaya devam edecektir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
#N\u00fckleerSilahlar #\u0130ranN\u00fckleerProgram\u0131 #\u0130srailN\u00fckleerSilahlar\u0131 #\u00c7ifteStandart #NPT #JCPOA #Uluslararas\u0131Hukuk #OrtaDo\u011fuG\u00fcvenli\u011fi #N\u00fckleerYay\u0131lma #Diplomasi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131, yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir yo\u011fun uluslararas\u0131 incelemeye, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ve diplomatik m\u00fczakerelere tabi tutuluyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130srail’in n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip oldu\u011funa yayg\u0131n olarak inan\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u2013 ki bu iddiay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak ne yalanl\u0131yor ne de do\u011fruluyor \u2013 \u015feffafl\u0131k konusunda neredeyse hi\u00e7 uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda, \u0130srail ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iran_haberler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2215"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2215\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}