Morbi, Hindistan \u2013 Yedi y\u0131l boyunca Pradeep Kumar, Bat\u0131 Hindistan’daki seramik fabrikas\u0131na her sabah 9’da gider, hammaddeleri \u2013 kil, kuvars ve kum \u2013 f\u0131r\u0131na y\u00fckler ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 ve tozu i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irirdi. Kil ile farkl\u0131 a\u015famalarda ilgilenir, bazen makinelere besler, bazen de yar\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 pi\u015firmeye do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130\u015f, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 eldiven ve maske gibi koruyucu ekipman olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tekrarlay\u0131c\u0131 ve yorucuydu. Al Jazeera’ye verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te, \u201cYazlar\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k zirveye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok zorlay\u0131c\u0131 olurdu\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Ancak 15 Mart’ta i\u015fini kaybetti; kendisinin veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015firketin bir hatas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de\u011fil, Orta Do\u011fu’daki gerilimlerin t\u0131rmanmas\u0131yla yeni bir sava\u015f\u0131n patlak vermesi ve k\u00fcresel yak\u0131t krizinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 nedeniyle. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sadece iki hafta sonra, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 seramik \u015firketi propan ve do\u011fal gaz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle kapand\u0131. Gujarat eyaletindeki Morbi’de bulunan bu \u015firket \u2013 seramik end\u00fcstrisindeki t\u00fcm benzerleri gibi \u2013 bu kritik yak\u0131tlara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131.<\/p>\n
Morbi, Hindistan’\u0131n 400.000’den fazla ki\u015fiyi istihdam eden seramik end\u00fcstrisinin merkezi. Kumar gibi bu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 Uttar Pradesh ve Bihar gibi daha yoksul Hindistan eyaletlerinden gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menler. Kumar i\u015fini kaybettikten be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra, 29 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Pradeep, e\u015fini ve \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011funu Uttar Pradesh’in Hardoi b\u00f6lgesindeki evlerine geri g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Al Jazeera’ye, \u201cBizimle birlikte eve d\u00f6nen di\u011fer t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler geri d\u00f6nene kadar buraday\u0131m\u201d dedi. \u201cCOVID-19 pandemisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi k\u00f6pekler gibi ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmek istemiyoruz\u201d diye ekledi. Bu s\u00f6zleriyle, 2020 ve 2021’de milyonlarca a\u00e7 ailenin, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla birlikte, koronavir\u00fcs karantinas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda evlerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcnlerce, bazen haftalarca y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Hindistan’\u0131n daha sanayile\u015fmi\u015f bat\u0131 eyaletlerinden daha yoksul do\u011fuya do\u011fru ya\u015fanan g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kastetti.<\/p>\n
**600 \u015eirketten Yakla\u015f\u0131k 450’si Kapand\u0131**
\n600’den fazla \u015firketiyle Morbi, Hindistan’\u0131n seramik \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 80’ini fayans, tuvalet, k\u00fcvet ve lavabo \u015feklinde \u00fcretiyor. Ancak, Hindistan’\u0131n gaz ithalat\u0131 i\u00e7in bir can damar\u0131 olan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndaki gerilimin devam etmesiyle bu \u015firketlerden en az 450’si kapanmak zorunda kald\u0131. Bu arada sava\u015f devam ediyor; ABD Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc bir \u0130ran kargo gemisini ele ge\u00e7irdi, ancak Washington Tahran ile Pakistan’da bir anla\u015fmaya varmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir tur g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapmaya istekli oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Tahran, gemisi ele ge\u00e7irildikten sonra bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddetti. Bu geli\u015fmeler, \u0130ran ve ABD aras\u0131nda bir ayl\u0131k \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan var\u0131lan k\u0131r\u0131lgan ate\u015fkesin \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc sona ermesiyle ya\u015fand\u0131. Ancak d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131n yeniden t\u0131rmanmas\u0131, \u0130ran’\u0131n H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131 trafi\u011fe kapatmas\u0131na, k\u00fcresel yak\u0131t tedarikini aksatmas\u0131na ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n
Morbi’de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil bir \u00fcretici ve t\u00fcccar olan 27 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Siddharth Bopaliya, Al Jazeera’ye \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cMorbi’deki t\u00fcm \u00fcretim birimleri, f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in propan ve do\u011fal gaza g\u00fcveniyor. Propan \u00f6zel \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131rken, do\u011fal gaz devlete ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlara devlet taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131yor. \u00dcreticilerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 60’\u0131 propan kullan\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc nispeten daha ucuz.\u201d<\/p>\n
Morbi Seramik \u00dcreticileri Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Manoj Arvadiya, Orta Do\u011fu krizinin o zamana kadar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fi umuduyla \u00fcniteleri 15 Nisan’a kadar kapatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Al Jazeera’ye, \u201cAncak bug\u00fcn bile sadece yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 \u00fcnite a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011fu hen\u00fcz \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecine ba\u015flamad\u0131. En az 15 g\u00fcn daha durumun ayn\u0131 kalmas\u0131 muhtemel\u201d dedi. Arvadiya, kapanman\u0131n 200.000 i\u015f\u00e7iyi etkiledi\u011fini ve d\u00f6rtte birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer eyaletlerdeki evlerine d\u00f6nmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Hindistan’\u0131n seramik end\u00fcstrisinin de\u011feri 6 milyar dolar. Arvadiya, \u201cMorbi’nin seramiklerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25’i Orta Do\u011fu, Afrika ve Avrupa \u00fclkelerine ihra\u00e7 ediliyor ve net de\u011feri 1,5 milyar dolar. Ancak son bir aydaki \u00fcretim yava\u015flamas\u0131 nedeniyle ihracatlar \u015fu anda gecikiyor ve baz\u0131 durumlarda, \u00f6zellikle Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerine tamamen durduruldu\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Morbi’de propana ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 fabrikalar kapal\u0131 kalmaya devam ediyor. Do\u011fal gaz \u00e7o\u011funlukla mevcut olsa da, bir\u00e7ok \u00fcnite hen\u00fcz ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmad\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeni ba\u011flant\u0131lar kilosu 93 rupiden fiyatland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, mevcut kullan\u0131c\u0131lar kilosu yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 rupiden al\u0131yor. Propana ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir lavabo \u00fcreticisi olan Khushiram Sapariya, fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden a\u00e7ma karar\u0131 vermeden \u00f6nce bu ay bekleyece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o zaman evlerine giden y\u00fczlerce personeli geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmam gerekecek ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmeden \u00f6nce emin olmak istiyorum\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
**’Morbi Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131’ ile Eve D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f**
\nGe\u00e7en ay Morbi’den ayr\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7ilerden biri de 27 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Ankur Singh. \u201c\u015eirketimin kapanmas\u0131 beni yaln\u0131z g\u00f6ndermedi, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir Morbi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 silikozis \u2013 ile g\u00f6nderdi. S\u0131k s\u0131k ate\u015fim ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm olurdu ama g\u00f6rmezden geliyordum, ta ki Bihar’daki Patna yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki memleketime d\u00f6n\u00fcp bir kontrol sonras\u0131 silikozis oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenene kadar\u201d dedi Al Jazeera’ye. Silikozis, kaya, kum, kuvars ve di\u011fer yap\u0131 malzemelerinde bulunan silika tozunun solunmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan tedavi edilemez bir akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri olan bu hastal\u0131k, her y\u0131l binlerce insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Gujarat merkezli i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131 aktivisti Chirag Chavda, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cMorbi’de yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilerin seramik \u00fcretimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ince silika tozuna rutin olarak maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Al Jazeera’ye, \u201cDo\u011frudan kal\u0131plama veya f\u0131r\u0131n i\u015finde yer almayanlar bile, zay\u0131f havaland\u0131rma ve fabrika alanlar\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcreli maruz kalma nedeniyle partik\u00fclleri s\u0131k s\u0131k soluyor\u201d dedi. Chavda, \u00e7o\u011fu seramik \u015firketinin i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fczenlemelerine uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
40 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Harish Zala, iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce silikozis te\u015fhisi konmadan \u00f6nce yirmi y\u0131l boyunca Morbi’deki farkl\u0131 seramik \u015firketlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fvereninden hi\u00e7bir yard\u0131m almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta te\u015fhis sonras\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n \u015firketi ziyaret etti\u011finde taciz ve tehdit edildi\u011fini iddia etti. Zala, Al Jazeera’ye, \u201cHer y\u0131l her \u015firkette en az bir i\u015f\u00e7i silikozisten \u00f6l\u00fcyor, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiye ise silikozis te\u015fhisi konuyor\u201d dedi. \u201cBenim gibi baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fansl\u0131 olup hayatta kal\u0131yor, ancak i\u015fi hemen b\u0131rakmaktan ba\u015fka se\u00e7enekleri kalm\u0131yor.\u201d Zala, bir\u00e7ok \u015firketin i\u015f\u00e7ilere atama mektuplar\u0131, maa\u015f bordrolar\u0131 veya kimlik kartlar\u0131 gibi yaz\u0131l\u0131 istihdam kan\u0131t\u0131 sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. \u201cBu, bir i\u015f\u00e7inin daha sonra i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131 veya yasal haklar talep etmesi durumunda, \u015firkette \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayacak somut bir kan\u0131t\u0131 olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d Chirag, bu t\u00fcr i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, istihdam kan\u0131t\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli Hindistan yasalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki maa\u015f veya emeklilik fonlar\u0131 gibi sosyal g\u00fcvenlikten de mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekledi. \u201cSonu\u00e7 olarak, y\u0131llarca \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra bile i\u015f\u00e7iler, kan\u0131t eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu da i\u015fverenleri yasal sorumluluktan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde muaf tutuyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
Morbi’de, 56 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Sushma Devi gibi, Bat\u0131 Bengal’deki evine geri d\u00f6nmeyen g\u00f6\u00e7menler de var, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o\u011flunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 fayans \u015firketi, \u00fcretimin yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 beklerken onlara bar\u0131nma ve yemek sa\u011flamaya devam edece\u011fini vaat etti. \u201cBirka\u00e7 ki\u015fiyle buraday\u0131m \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc seyahat i\u00e7in para harcamak istemedik. Burada en az\u0131ndan erzak\u0131m\u0131z hallolmu\u015f durumda\u201d dedi, yemek pi\u015firmek i\u00e7in bir demet kuru dal, odun ve at\u0131k kontrplakla y\u00fcr\u00fcrken. Devi, \u201c\u0130ki \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn yeme\u011fimizi pi\u015firebilmek i\u00e7in her g\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 toplamaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yoruz\u201d dedi. \u201cUmar\u0131m f\u0131r\u0131nlar ve \u00fcretim yak\u0131nda yeniden ba\u015flar, ancak f\u0131r\u0131nlar yak\u0131n zamanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamasa bile bize pirin\u00e7 ve patates vermeyi b\u0131rakmazlar.\u201d Devi’nin kocas\u0131 Debendar ve o\u011fullar\u0131 Ankit, \u015firketleri taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine verilen tek odal\u0131 bir sette ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. Aile, bir katta 10 aile i\u00e7in ortak bir tuvaleti kullan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bu arada Kumar, az miktardaki birikimlerini t\u00fcketiyor ve Hardoi’de g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretli i\u015f ararken bor\u00e7 tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmekten korkuyor. \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, biriktirdi\u011fimiz ne varsa yedik. Ancak evin tamire ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131 ve bir akrabadan 20.000 rupi (214 dolar) bor\u00e7 almak zorunda kald\u0131k, bunu ne zaman veya nas\u0131l \u00f6deyece\u011fimiz hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir fikrimiz yok\u201d dedi, tu\u011fla evinin yeniden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131na bakarak.<\/p>\n
#HindistanSeramik #Morbi #\u0130\u015fKayb\u0131 #TersineG\u00f6\u00e7 #OrtaDo\u011fuGerilimi #Yak\u0131tKrizi #Silikozis #\u0130\u015f\u00e7iHaklar\u0131 #K\u00fcreselEkonomi #\u00dcretimDurdu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Morbi, Hindistan \u2013 Yedi y\u0131l boyunca Pradeep Kumar, Bat\u0131 Hindistan’daki seramik fabrikas\u0131na her sabah 9’da gider, hammaddeleri \u2013 kil, kuvars ve kum \u2013 f\u0131r\u0131na y\u00fckler ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 ve tozu i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irirdi. Kil ile farkl\u0131 a\u015famalarda ilgilenir, bazen makinelere besler, bazen de yar\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 pi\u015firmeye do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130\u015f, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 eldiven ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-orta-dogu-haberleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4374\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}