G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’n\u0131n pirin\u00e7 tarlalar\u0131nda ekim mevsimi ba\u015flarken, Tayland’\u0131n Chachoengsao eyaletinden 60 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ift\u00e7i Suchart Piamsomboon, g\u00fcbre almak i\u00e7in yerel d\u00fckkana gitti.
\nAncak g\u00fcbre gelmemi\u015fti.
\nVe kendisine, gelmeyebilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylendi. Gelse bile, bir ay \u00f6nce 800-900 baht olan fiyat\u0131n\u0131n 1.100 baht\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.
\nPiamsomboon eve d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, fiyatlar\u0131n 1.200 baht\u0131 bile bulabilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylentileri dola\u015f\u0131yordu.
\nBu sezon ekim yap\u0131p yapmayaca\u011f\u0131 soruldu\u011funda, ‘Yapmamaya karar verdim,’ dedi. ‘\u00c7ift\u00e7ilik sadece maddi kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. G\u00fcnde 100 ila 200 baht kazanmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcndelik\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tercih ederim, sadece ge\u00e7inmek i\u00e7in. Giderler azalm\u0131yor, ama gelir s\u00fcrekli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.’
\nPiamsomboon yaln\u0131z de\u011fil.
\nTayland’\u0131n pirin\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndan Vietnam’\u0131n Mekong Deltas\u0131’na kadar, Asya genelindeki \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ayn\u0131 hesab\u0131 yap\u0131yor ve ayn\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131z sonuca var\u0131yorlar. Ekim mevsimi geldi. G\u00fcbre yok.
\nVe \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde al\u0131nacak kararlar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pirin\u00e7 kasesinin y\u0131l sonunda ne kadar \u00fcr\u00fcn verece\u011fini belirleyecek.<\/p>\n
Bu krizin yak\u0131n nedeni, bu \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin daha \u00f6nce pek umursamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sava\u015f.
\n28 \u015eubat’ta Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve \u0130srail \u0130ran’a sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n deniz yoluyla g\u00fcbre ticaretinin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te birinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi dar su yolu olan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 fiilen kapand\u0131.
\nBir\u00e7ok \u00fclke, Basra K\u00f6rfezi b\u00f6lgesinden b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda g\u00fcbre ithal etmektedir.
\nSava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan haftalar sonra, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yayg\u0131n azotlu g\u00fcbresi olan \u00fcre fiyat\u0131 %40’tan fazla artt\u0131.
\nBo\u011faz \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan ihracat durunca, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc gezegenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcbre \u00fcreticisi olan \u00c7in’e \u00e7evrildi.
\nGe\u00e7en y\u0131l, \u00c7in k\u00fcresel g\u00fcbre \u00fcretiminin %25’inden sorumluydu ve 13 milyar dolardan fazla g\u00fcbre ihra\u00e7 etti.
\nAncak \u00c7in kendi kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kapatt\u0131 \u2013 Mart ay\u0131nda tar\u0131m end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcbre t\u00fcrlerinin ihracat\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. Bu, 2021’den beri kademeli olarak uygulanan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n \u00fczerine geldi.
\nReuters’in \u00c7in g\u00fcmr\u00fck verileri analizine g\u00f6re, bu g\u00fcbre ihracat\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 ile %80’i aras\u0131nda bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fu anda k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f durumda.
\n\u00c7in’in Shandong eyaletinde, ad\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen bir g\u00fcbre ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetten ihracat\u0131 durdurma bildirimini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.
\nSon birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, ithalat-ihracat \u015firketi Tayland, Endonezya ve Yeni Zelanda gibi \u00e7o\u011funlukla Asya Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclkelere g\u00fcbre ihra\u00e7 ediyordu.
\nYasak \u00f6ncesinde ‘en az be\u015f veya alt\u0131 \u00fclkeyle’ s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve nakliye tarihlerinin onayland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.
\n‘Sipari\u015fleri zaten alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k,’ dedi. ‘M\u00fc\u015fteriler bekliyordu. Ama \u015fimdi sevk etmememiz s\u00f6ylendi.’
\n‘Elbette i\u015fimiz konusunda endi\u015feliyiz, ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bunu neden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz,’ diye ekledi. ‘H\u00fck\u00fcmet yeterli i\u00e7 tedariki sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, bu y\u00fczden d\u00fczenlemelere uyaca\u011f\u0131z.’
\n\u00c7in’in hala anlaml\u0131 miktarlarda ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi tek g\u00fcbre, di\u011fer daha \u00f6nemli g\u00fcbrelerin yerine ge\u00e7emeyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli bir end\u00fcstriyel yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olan amonyum s\u00fclfatt\u0131r; bu g\u00fcbreler pirin\u00e7 gibi temel g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gereklidir.
\nWashington merkezli Uluslararas\u0131 G\u0131da Politikas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde Emekli Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Joseph Glauber, ‘\u00c7in’in ihracat yasa\u011f\u0131 ve H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n kapanmas\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fik etkisi, k\u00fcresel g\u00fcbre piyasas\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak sarsacakt\u0131r,’ dedi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in liderli\u011fi, tah\u0131l kendi kendine yeterlili\u011fini ulusal bir siyasi k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f\u0131 haline getirdi: 2023’te kabul edilen ulusal g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yasas\u0131, yerel y\u00f6netimlerin g\u0131da \u00fcretim hedeflerini do\u011frudan ekonomik planlar\u0131na dahil etmelerini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor.
\nK\u00fcresel fiyatlar y\u00fckselirken g\u00fcbrenin \u00fclkeden akmas\u0131na izin vermek, \u00c7in’in i\u00e7 fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131 \u00e7ekecek ve politikan\u0131n korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokacakt\u0131r.
\nSingapur’da g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda K\u0131demli Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Profes\u00f6r Paul Teng, ‘\u00c7in’de g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir siyasi meseledir ve i\u00e7 piyasalar i\u00e7in yeterli g\u0131da olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin taviz vermeye istekli oldu\u011fu bir konu de\u011fildir,’ dedi.
\nH\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 kapal\u0131yken, \u00c7in’in azotlu g\u00fcbre \u00fcretiminin ana hammaddesi olan s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaza eri\u015fimi de tehdit alt\u0131nda.
\nYap\u0131sal olarak \u00c7in g\u00fcbre tedarikine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olan G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya i\u00e7in, Pekin’in ihracat\u0131 durdurma karar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yaratt\u0131.
\nVietnam, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir ve Filipinler’in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ve Afrika’n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini beslemektedir.
\n2026’n\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde, \u00c7in, Vietnam’\u0131n toplam g\u00fcbre ithalat\u0131n\u0131n hacim olarak yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131, yani 480.000 tondan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.
\nBasit\u00e7e s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, b\u00f6lgeyi besleyen \u00fclke, \u00c7in tedariki olmadan kendi tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 besleyemez.
\nFilipinler daha da tehlikeli bir konumda. G\u00fcbresinin %75’i i\u00e7in \u00c7in’e ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ve neredeyse hi\u00e7 yerel \u00fcretimi yok.
\nDaha da k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, Filipinler pirin\u00e7 ithalat\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %80’i i\u00e7in Vietnam’a g\u00fcveniyor.
\nTedarik zinciri do\u011frudan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar zinciridir: Filipinli t\u00fcketiciler Vietnam pirincine, Vietnaml\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ise \u00c7in g\u00fcbresine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Herhangi bir halkay\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131n, t\u00fcm zincir kopabilir.
\nAsya’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 besleyen pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u0131yla bir tar\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc olan Tayland, 2024’te g\u00fcbresinin yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte birini \u00c7in’den temin etti ve ayr\u0131ca toplam g\u00fcbre ithalat\u0131n\u0131n %32’sini K\u00f6rfez’den sa\u011flad\u0131. Her iki koridor da \u015fimdi ayn\u0131 anda tehlike alt\u0131nda.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bu hafta veya gelecek ay g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyecek.
\nAnalistlere g\u00f6re, ancak y\u0131l sonunda, bu bahar ekilmesi gereken hasatlar\u0131n beklenenden daha az gelmesi veya hi\u00e7 gelmemesi durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak.
\nProfes\u00f6r Teng, ‘Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerin acil ekim mevsimi i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00fcbre sto\u011fu olabilir, ancak kriz daha uzun s\u00fcrerse, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki aylarda pirin\u00e7 gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fczerinde etkilerini g\u00f6rece\u011fiz,’ dedi.
\nBM D\u00fcnya G\u0131da Program\u0131, Orta Do\u011fu’daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n birle\u015fik etkisinin 2026’da 45 milyon ek insan\u0131 akut a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa itebilece\u011fini tahmin ediyor.
\nAsya ve Pasifik’te g\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011finin %24 artmas\u0131 bekleniyor \u2013 bu, d\u00fcnyadaki herhangi bir b\u00f6lgedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6receli art\u0131\u015f.
\nBangkok’un Nong Chok b\u00f6lgesinden 48 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki pirin\u00e7 \u00e7ift\u00e7isi Pratheuang Piamsomboon, ‘Bazen \u00fclkedeki pirin\u00e7 \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin tamamen ekim yapmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 dilerim, b\u00f6ylece h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yiyecek pirinci kalmaz ve bizim nas\u0131l hissetti\u011fimizi anlarlar,’ dedi.
\n‘\u00c7ekilen zorlu\u011fu kelimelerle ifade etmek imkans\u0131z.’
\n#G\u0131daG\u00fcvenli\u011fi #Asya #\u0130ranSava\u015f\u0131 #G\u00fcbreKrizi #Pirin\u00e7\u00dcretimi #\u00c7in\u0130hracatYasa\u011f\u0131 #H\u00fcrm\u00fczBo\u011faz\u0131 #Tar\u0131m #EkonomikEtki #K\u00fcreselG\u0131da<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’n\u0131n pirin\u00e7 tarlalar\u0131nda ekim mevsimi ba\u015flarken, Tayland’\u0131n Chachoengsao eyaletinden 60 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ift\u00e7i Suchart Piamsomboon, g\u00fcbre almak i\u00e7in yerel d\u00fckkana gitti. Ancak g\u00fcbre gelmemi\u015fti. Ve kendisine, gelmeyebilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylendi. Gelse bile, bir ay \u00f6nce 800-900 baht olan fiyat\u0131n\u0131n 1.100 baht\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 belirtildi. Piamsomboon eve d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, fiyatlar\u0131n 1.200 baht\u0131 bile bulabilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylentileri dola\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu sezon ekim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iran_haberler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5784"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5784\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vanak.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}